Danışman Yapım Yöneticisi’nin ve Mimar’ın Görevleri İçin Kalite Yönetim Sistemi Araçları Modeli

Tayibe SEYMAN / Doç. Dr. Murat ÇIRACI
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi

Özet: Yapım sektörünün temel ürünlerinden biri olan binalar, diğer sektörlere kıyasla büyük ölçekli, yüksek bütçeli, zaman alan üretimler olup uzun ömürlüdürler. Buna rağmen binaları başarısız kılan, düşük performans, ekonomik olmama, planlanandan uzun sürede yapılmış olma gibi sıklıkla yaşanan birçok problem görülmektedir. Literatürde, bu problemlere neden olan faktörlerin başında farklı aktörlerin koordinasyonu ve entegrasyonu gösterilmiştir. Yapım işini gerçekleştiren yüklenicilerin görevleri en ince ayrıntısına kadar sözleşmenin tamamlayıcı ek dökümanları olan genel şartname, özel şartname, idari prosedürler teknik şartnameler, proje çizimleri vb. aracılığıyla tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak yapım öncesinde hazırlanan dökümanların ışığında gerçekleşen yapım evresinin başarısı bu dökümanların hatasız ve eksiksiz hazırlanmasına bağlıdır. Yüklenicilerin görevlerine yönelik hassasiyetin yapım öncesinden itibaren Mimar’ın ve Danışman Yapım Yöneticisi’nin (DYY) görevleri için olmaması başarısızlığa yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, sözleşmelerde belirtilen görev tanımlarında gerekli detaylandırmayı sağlamak için Kalite Yönetim Sistemi Araçları (KYSA) önemli birer araç olabilir. Bu çalışmada, görev bazında KYSA’nın entegrasyonu sağlamak amacıyla, DYY’nin ve Mimar’ın AIA sözleşme dökümanlarında yer alan her bir görevi tek tek açıklanarak, analiz edilerek ve hipotetik olarak tartışılarak, her bir görev için KYSA önerileri getirilmiştir. Model, önerilen KYSA’nın, Mimar Malsahibi Sözleşmesi’nin ve DYY Malsahibi Sözleşmesi’nin tamamlayıcı ek dökümanları olması şeklinde kurgulanmıştır. Böylece, net ve detaylı görev tanımları sayesinde projenin ilk kararından itibaren belirsizlikler kalmayacak, projenin her bir evresi yüksek koordinasyon ile başarıyla ilerleyecek ve dolayısıyla projenin başarıyla yapımı tamamlanarak başarılı binanın gerçekleşmesi sağlanacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapım yönetimi sözleşmeleri, danışman yapım yöneticisinin görevleri, mimarın görevleri, kalite yönetim sistemi araçları, AIA

Modeling The Quality Management System Tools For Both The Tasks Of The Architect And The Construction Manager As Advisor
Abstract: Buildings which are the major products of construction industry and long lived assets are relatively in large scale, high budgeted and time consuming productions. However, there are some problems making the buildings unsuccessful such as, showing low performance, being uneconomical, having exceeded time of construction, and etc. The factors causing those problems have been showed in the literature as the integration and the coordination of different parties. The tasks of the contractors, who perform the work on site, are being defined by general conditions of the contract, special conditions, administrative procedures, technical specifications, project drawings, etc. Nevermore, the construction phase progresses with the reference of the documents previously prepared and indeed the success of the construction phase depends on the completeness and correctness of those documents. The omission of the sensibility for the tasks of Architect and Construction Manager As Advisor (CMa), as of the contractors, causes failures. In this context, the quality management system tools (QMSTs) can be worthwhile for providing the necessary explanation of the task definitions included in the contract documents. The focus of this study is to be able to m propose QMSTs for the each task. Subsequently a list of QMSTs for CMa tasks and a separate list of Architect tasks have been achieved. However, in consideration of decrease the documentation, it is ascertained if there are ones which can be combined in one single QMS tool and the plain lists have been formed. Moreover, one step further to decrease the documentation, the proposed QMSTs for the CMa and the proposed QMSTs for the Architect, have been compared and accordingly it has seen that a combination can be possible for the ones for the same processes that both CMa and Architect involved. Consequently the proposed QMSTs come to a true picture and they have been grouped into three main groups; specifications, procedures and forms. The Construction Management as Advisor project delivery system has been aimed at this study, however as a result of overall examination and analysis, it is seen that the model can be valid for the traditional project delivery system. As the Architect tasks are progressing in the same way, under some conditions some tasks of CMa, can be performed by the Architect as some additional services in the Traditional project delivery system. It is emphasized in this study that, all the representatives of the owners, the architects and the CMa groups have to have a voice in the preparation of proposed QMSTs. While configuring these tools, quality improvement techniques should be taken into account. On the other hand, “section format” which is the writing formation of the technical specifications has to be examined in order to investigate its use for the act of writing of proposed QMSTs. It is also proposed in this study that the QMS tools should be sustainable and in order to improve, update and revise them an institutionalization is required. The model is the proposal of QMSTs to be the supplementary exhibits of the contracts both between Architect-Owner and CMa-Owner as well. Due to the very first decisions of the project, with the help of clear and detailed task definitions and accordingly high coordination, no uncertainty will remain, the construction project processes will successfully progress and consequently the successful building will be provided.
Key Words: Construction management contracts, construction manager as advisor’s tasks, architect’s tasks, quality management system tools, AIA

Makalenin tamamına Yapı Dünyası Dergisi 2014 Sayı: 214-215 den ulaşabilirsiniz.